Global city

GaWC study
Hong Kong (Qingdao?), Shanghai, something in Carolina,

Alpha +

 * 🇯🇵 Edo
 * 🇩🇪 Frankfurt
 * London
 * 🇨🇦 Montreal
 * 🇨🇳 Shanghai
 * Singapore

Alpha

 * 🇳🇱 Amsterdam
 * 🇩🇪 Hamburg
 * 🇹🇷 Istanbul
 * Jakarta
 * 🇨🇦 Lafayette
 * 🇪🇸 Madrid
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico City
 * 🇮🇹 Milan
 * Mumbai
 * New Amsterdam
 * 🇨🇦 New Orleans
 * 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 🇷🇺 Petrograd
 * 🇧🇷 São Paulo
 * Seoul
 * Sydney
 * Yerba Buena

Alpha −

 * Abu Dhabi
 * Bangkok
 * 🇨🇴 Bogotá
 * Boston
 * Buenos Aires
 * Delhi
 * 🇨🇦 Detroit
 * 🇮🇪 Dublin
 * Eichenbach
 * 🇨🇳 Guangzhou (1)
 * Johannesburg
 * Kolkata
 * 🇵🇹 Lisbon
 * Los Angeles
 * 🇵🇭 Manila
 * Melbourne (1)
 * 🇨🇦 Montreal
 * 🇩🇪 Munich
 * New Westminster
 * Prague
 * 🇨🇦 Quebec
 * 🇨🇦 Saint-Louis
 * San Agustin
 * 🇨🇱 Santiago
 * 🇸🇪 Stockholm
 * 🇯🇵 Taipei (1)
 * 🇦🇹 Vienna
 * 🇵🇱 Warsaw (1)
 * 🇨🇭 Zürich (1)
 * Puducherry

In reserve

 * Shanghai
 * Tangier
 * Panama
 * Jerusalem
 * 🇩🇪 Qingdao / 🇨🇳 Qingdao
 * 🇨🇳 Wuhan
 * Mumbai / Bombay
 * Pune
 * 🇵🇹 Goa

Alpha ++

 * London
 * New York City

Alpha +

 * 🇨🇳 Beijing
 * Dubai
 * Hong Kong
 * 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 🇨🇳 Shanghai
 * Singapore
 * 🇯🇵 Tokyo

Alpha

 * 🇳🇱 Amsterdam (1)
 * 🇳🇱 Brussels
 * 🇨🇦 Chicago
 * 🇩🇪 Frankfurt
 * Jakarta
 * Kuala Lumpur
 * Los Angeles
 * 🇪🇸 Madrid
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico City
 * 🇮🇹 Milan
 * 🇷🇺 Moscow
 * Mumbai
 * 🇧🇷 São Paulo
 * Sydney (1)
 * 🇨🇦 Toronto

Alpha −

 * Bangkok (1)
 * Bangalore (1)
 * Boston (1)
 * 🇦🇷 Buenos Aires (1)
 * 🇮🇪 Dublin
 * 🇨🇳 Guangzhou (1)
 * 🇹🇷 Istanbul (1)
 * Johannesburg
 * 🇵🇹 Lisbon
 * 🇩🇪 Luxembourg City
 * 🇵🇭 Manila
 * Melbourne (1)
 * 🇨🇦 Montreal
 * 🇩🇪 Munich
 * New Delhi
 * Prague
 * Riyadh
 * San Francisco
 * 🇨🇱 Santiago
 * Seoul (1)
 * 🇨🇳 Shenzhen
 * 🇸🇪 Stockholm
 * 🇯🇵 Taipei (1)
 * 🇦🇹 Vienna
 * 🇵🇱 Warsaw (1)
 * 🇨🇭 Zürich (1)

Beta +

 * Atlanta
 * Auckland
 * Barcelona (1)
 * 🇱🇧 Beirut (1)
 * Berlin (1)
 * 🇨🇴 Bogotá (1)
 * Brisbane (1)
 * 🇷🇴 Bucharest
 * 🇭🇺 Budapest (1)
 * 🇪🇬 Cairo
 * 🇨🇳 Chengdu
 * 🇩🇰 Copenhagen
 * 🇨🇦 Dallas
 * Doha
 * 🇩🇪 Düsseldorf
 * 🇩🇪 Hamburg
 * Houston (1)
 * 🇵🇪 Lima
 * Miami (2)
 * 🇮🇹 Rome (1)
 * 🇮🇱 Tel Aviv
 * Vancouver
 * Washington, D.C. (1)

Global Cities Index

 * 1) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 2) 🇬🇧 London
 * 3) 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 4) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 5) 🇺🇸 Los Angeles
 * 6) 🇨🇳 Beijing
 * 7) 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * 8) 🇺🇸 Chicago
 * 9) 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 10) 🇨🇳 Shanghai

Global Cities Initiative
A study by Brookings Institution conducted in 2016 introduced its own typology, sorting global cities into seven categories: Global Giants, Asian Anchors, Emerging Gateways, Factory China, Knowledge Capitals, American Middleweights, and International Middleweights.

The Global Giants classification includes wealthy, extremely large metropolitan areas that are the largest cities in developed nations. They are hubs for financial markets and major corporations, and serve as key nodes in global flows of capital and of talent.


 * 🇬🇧 London
 * 🇺🇸 Los Angeles
 * 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 🇯🇵 Osaka–Kobe
 * 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 🇯🇵 Tokyo

Global City Lab

 * 1) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 2) 🇬🇧 London
 * 3) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 4) 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 5) 🇦🇺 Sydney
 * 6) 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 7) 🇺🇸 Los Angeles
 * 8) 🇨🇦 Toronto
 * 9) 🇩🇪 Berlin
 * 10) 🇭🇰 Hong Kong

Global Economic Power Index

 * 1) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 2) 🇬🇧 London
 * 3) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 4) 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * 5) 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 6) 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 7) 🇺🇸 Los Angeles
 * 8) 🇰🇷 Seoul
 * 9) 🇦🇹 Vienna
 * 10) 🇸🇪 Stockholm & 🇨🇦 Toronto

Global Financial Centres Index

 * 1) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 2) 🇬🇧 London
 * 3) 🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * 4) 🇨🇳 Shanghai
 * 5) 🇺🇸 Los Angeles
 * 6)  Singapore
 * 7) 🇺🇸 San Francisco
 * 8) 🇨🇳 Beijing
 * 9) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 10) 🇨🇳 Shenzhen

Global Power City Index

 * 1) 🇬🇧 London
 * 2) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 3) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 4) 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 5) 🇸🇬 Singapore
 * 6) 🇳🇱 Amsterdam
 * 7) 🇩🇪 Berlin
 * 8) 🇰🇷 Seoul
 * 9) 🇪🇸 Madrid
 * 10) 🇨🇳 Shanghai

The Wealth Report
🇬🇧 London & 🇺🇸 New York City 🇫🇷 Paris 🇯🇵 Tokyo 🇭🇰 Hong Kong 🇺🇸 Chicago & 🇺🇸 Los Angeles 🇸🇬 Singapore</li></ol> 🇩🇪 Munich</li></ol> 🇳🇱 Amsterdam</li></ol>

The World's Most Talked About Cities

 * 1) 🇯🇵 Tokyo
 * 2) 🇺🇸 New York City
 * 3) 🇬🇧 London
 * 4) 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 5) 🇪🇸 Madrid
 * 6)  Dubai
 * 7) 🇮🇹 Rome
 * 8) 🇪🇸 Barcelona
 * 9) 🇰🇷 Seoul
 * 10) 🇯🇵 Osaka

North America

 * 🇨🇦 Montreal, Lafayette, New Orleans. Detroit, Saint Louis, Quebec
 * New Amsterdam
 * Yerba Buena, Los Angeles
 * 🇲🇽 Mexico City
 * Washington, Norfolk/Williamsburg, Baltimore, Terminus (Atlanta)
 * New Westminster, Duwamps/Nisqually
 * Boston
 * Eichenbach
 * San Agustin, Tampa, Tequesta
 * 🇨🇺 Havana
 * Panama

South America

 * Buenos Aires, Montevideo
 * 🇧🇷 São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro
 * 🇨🇴 Bogotá
 * 🇨🇱 Santiago

Europe

 * 🇩🇪 Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich, Dusseldorf
 * London
 * 🇫🇷 Paris
 * 🇷🇺 Petrograd, Moscow
 * 🇹🇷 Istanbul/Constantinople
 * 🇮🇹 Milan, Turin, Rome
 * 🇳🇱 Amsterdam, Antwerp, Brussels
 * Maastricht
 * 🇮🇪 Dublin
 * 🇵🇹 Lisbon
 * Prague
 * 🇵🇱 Warsaw
 * 🇦🇹 Vienna
 * 🇸🇪 Stockholm
 * 🇨🇭 Zurich
 * Geneva
 * 🇭🇺 Budapest
 * Barcelona
 * Neuchatel

Africa

 * Tangier, Suez
 * 🇪🇬 Cairo, Alexandria
 * Kaapstad
 * Johannesburg

Asia

 * 🇨🇳 Nanjing, Guangzhou, Beijing, Wuhan/Xijing, Taipei (🇯🇵?)
 * Shanghai
 * 🇩🇪 Qingdao
 * Hong Kong
 * 🇯🇵 Tokyo/Edo, Osaka
 * Mumbai, Pune, Delhi
 * Jakarta
 * Seoul, Busan
 * Singapore, Penang, Malacca
 * Puducherry, Bangalore, Mysore,
 * Kolkata, Dhaka
 * 🇮🇷 Tehran
 * Bangkok
 * Lahore
 * Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Doha
 * Damascus, Jeddah,
 * Kuala Lumpur
 * 🇵🇭 Manila
 * Jerusalem
 * 🇵🇹 Goa

Oceania

 * Albion, Batmania,
 * Zwanenstad
 * Baudinville